By Jean Huon 

Via a message dated January 6, 2020, the French Ministry of Defence announced the choice for the replacement of the Model 1950 pistol and the FR F2 sniper rifle. Other pieces of combat equipment will also be replaced: battle dress, helmets (25,000) and body armour (96,800).

THE SEMI-AUTOMATIC PISTOL

Designated “PANG” (Pistolet Automatique de Nouvelle Génération or New Generation Automatic Pistol), the program started with a call for tenders on March 19, 2019. The DGA (Armament Head Office) sought to purchase 74,596 pistols, some of them with accessories (night shooting devices, silencers) and 51 million 9mm cartridges. Training devices, holsters, carrying cases and cleaning kits will be joined to the procurement.

The need was 80% for the Army, 12% for the Air Force and 8% for the Navy. The registration of weapons candidates was closed on April 12, 2019, and the winner is to deliver the order in less than 48 months.

The weapons were to be furnished with repair kits, spare parts, training material and technical manuals. The winner was to be the manufacturer proposing the lowest price, after the pistols passed the tests and met the technical features.

Professional references were needed for all candidates, which also had to show a turnover of more than 50 million euros continuously over the last 3 years. They also had to be settled in the European community (except for any electronic night sights).

This excluded any French manufacturer. Years ago, French politicians voted to close the state-owned arsenals and additional anti-gun laws had the same results on private factories.

Tests of the new pistols were completed between April and December 2019 with models presented by CZ, GLOCK and HS Produkt. Other companies such as Beretta, FN Herstal, Heckler & Koch (HK), Steyr and SIG SAUER did not compete.

The technical features requested were very strict: 17-round magazine, or more; technical commitment for a long-lasting service; short period of delivery, with penalties if overtaken; ambidextrous bolt stop; and a low price, for example.

Finally, a competition took place between CZ with its P-10 C, HS Produkt with its SF19 and the GLOCK 17 Gen5, the latter being selected for adoption. This result was contested by the dealer of the Croatian pistol, HS Produkt, who didn’t agree with the results of a magazine speed loading test by a female soldier. A plea before the administrative court was rejected.

GLOCK Gen5

The GLOCK pistol will be made in Austria at the GLOCK factory in Deutsch-Wagram, 10 miles Northeast of Vienna. Created by Gaston Glock in 1973, the factory produced combat knives and shovels made of steel and plastic. He entered the family of handgun makers in 1980 by creating with Wilhelm Bubits a powerful pistol, the conception of which was revolutionary.

Adopted by the Austrian Army in 1982, the pistol has many variations in various calibres and a worldwide  distribution. More than five million were made, and a factory was built in the United States in Smyrna, Georgia.

In France, some GLOCK pistols were already used by several units, such as police, Gendarmerie, Air Force security and Special Forces.

The GLOCK 17 Gen5 has a polymer frame with metal inserted parts. The trigger guard is square with a serrated front. The grip is grainy on its front and sides; its back can receive interchangeable back straps to accommodate users’ hand sizes. In front of the trigger guard, a rail can  mount various light or sight designators.

The barrel is completely housed in the slide. The recoil spring is made of flat coils with a plastic guide. The slide has a square shape, with an ejection port at the top right and serrations at the rear and the front. A safety is integrated on the trigger. It has an ambidextrous bolt stop, located on both sides at the top of the grip. The rear sights are “U”-shaped, and the front sight is square. The polymer magazine with a thin metal insertion is located in the grip. The magazine lock is on each side, near the lower part of trigger. The magazine well is flared. The pistol works by short-barrel recoil. The barrel is cylindrical with a cubic rear part which locks into the ejection port. The firing pin is cocked before bolt closing.

The price of the  entire sale (gun, ammunition and accessories) is 44 million euros. GLOCK will furnish the pistol and the night sighting devices; ammunition will be made by Sellier & Bellot in the Czech Republic to include:

• 45 million ball cartridges 9mm NATO;
• 4 million training cartridges; and
• 2 million subsonic loads.

Also to be furnished are:

• Blackhawk T-Series L3D holsters, magazine pouches and accessories;
• 25,000 special carrying cases;
• 15,000 night-sighting devices;
• 9,000 sound suppressors furnished by B&T in Switzerland;
• 7,000 UTM training kits;
• 800 laser devices for sighting adjustment; and
• Repair parts and maintenance tools.

THE SEMI-AUTOMATIC SNIPER RIFLE

The replacement of the French forces’ sniper rifle followed the same procedure, with a call for tenders opened on August 16, 2019, and registration of weapons candidates closed on October 5, 2019. There was a short delay, and the candidates had to present proposals to meet the following requirements:

• 2,620 semi-automatic 7.62mm NATO rifles and accessories;
• 1,800 night-vision scopes;
• 1,000 infrared devices; and
• 15 million 7.62mm NATO ball cartridges and the same amount of armour-piercing rounds.

Conditions for candidates were the same as for the pistol competition for location of subscribers and for turnover. But some manufacturers did not compete. For example:

• PGM could not, due to its low turnover, and it had no semi-automatic rifle to propose;
• Heckler & Koch was the favourite with the HK 417 but rejected the proposal—the offer being too fastidious for a small quantity of rifles and the expected price being only 20% of the global market; and
• Beretta did not present the ARX200 because it did not have enough time to find partners.

Subscribers were the following grouping companies:

• Safran Electronics, FN Herstal with Schmidt & Bender day scope;
• OIP, FN Herstal with Schmidt & Bender day scope;
• Thales and CZ with a rifle derived from the 7.62×51 Bren 2 and Scrom scope and
• Verney-Carron Defense with a rifle derived from the AR-10, Schmidt & Bender day scope and night vision.

Only Safran and OIP were selected. OIP won because the price was lower.

The German-Belgium partnership specially organised for the French offer is:

• FN Herstal SCAR-H rifle in 7.62mm, FN silencer, bipod, cover, repair kit and Schmidt & Bender day scope;
• OIP-Sensor Systems and Telefunken-Racoms for night scope; and
• MEN for the ammunition.

Note that FN was present in the two proposals.

 FN SCAR-H Rifle

The SCAR, or Special Operation Forces Combat Assault Rifle, was developed for American Special Forces as a modular system to replace other materials. It was developed in two versions: 5.56mm (L) and 7.62mm (H). Research began in 2001, and the first specimens were delivered at the end of 2007 for testing and an adoption in 2010.

The French Army selected a rifle with a rigid stock and adjustable in length. The FN SCAR-H’s frame is made of light alloy, has a right or left cocking lever and an ejection port on the right. The pistol grip is organized like the FN FNC assault rifle.

The handguard has four Picatinny rails and  can utilize a front grip. The bolt and the 20-inch barrel are made of steel. The frame is made of light alloy, and the pistol grip of polymer. It has a black or tan finish. The rear sights are aperture-type (100m-600m); the front sight has a tunnel. Both can be folded. The Picatinny rails can accommodate any sighting device.

The vertical magazine is locked in position by an ambidextrous push-button. The rifle works with a short-stroke gas action. The gas port has two positions. The bolt is locked by a rotating head with several locks.

The first rifle was delivered beginning of 2020, and all the 2,620 will follow until 2022. The market price is 100 million euros.

Many thanks to: FN Herstal (Anne Devroye); GLOCK (Elisabeth Triebel); and MEN.

GLOCK 17 Gen5

Calibre: 9mm

Ammunition: 9×19

Overall length: 202mm (7.95in)

Weight with magazine loaded: 911g (32.13oz)

Capacity: 17 rounds

FN SCAR-H Rifle

Calibre: 7.62mm

Ammunition: 7.62×51

Length with stock extended: 1,083mm (42.64in)

Length with stock retracted: 1,019mm (40.11in)

Barrel length: 508mm (20in)

Weight: 6.750kg (14.88lb)

Capacity: 10-20 rounds

THE PORTUGUESE ARMY FINDS COMBAT COMFORT IN FN SCAR

The Portuguese Army, after decades of struggling to get a new service rifle to replace its old battle rifle—the FMP G3 (a license built in Portugal HK G3)—has completed the process of acquiring an assault rifle and is being re-equipped with the SCAR®-L, in 5.56x45mm, built by Fabrique Nationale (FN) Herstal in Belgium. The Army has also bought the FN SCAR®-H, a battle rifle in 7.62x51mm that will be used as the Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR) at the squad level. To augment these rifles’ firepower, the Army purchased the FN40 Grenade Launcher (40x46mm); this can be attached to both rifles, SCAR-L and -H, or it can be used in the stand-alone configuration.

The FN SCAR is one of the best rifles of our times. With extensive use by the Belgian Armed Forces, U.S. Special Operations Command, French Special Forces, Slovenian and Lithuanian Army, as well as numerous other special police forces from other nations, this is an extremely modern weapon, with all that is required for high-intensity combat, and features reliability and ergonomics appropriate to the rigors of the battlefield. This is a tool that any well-equipped and prepared Armed Forces would wish to have in their inventories.

The Pursuit of All-Around Weaponry

The pursuit for the replacement of the G3 was made through NSPA (NATO Support and Procurement Agency), based in Luxembourg. It was a public tender with all the big weapons manufacturers trying to accomplish the requested specifications and capabilities. The Army based its requirements in tune with the ideas of NATO working groups for light weaponry and defining some main lines according to its missions and national defense strategy.

Weapons had to be reliable and accurate in any weather conditions and with the rigors of combat. They had to be maneuverable, ergonomic and compact enough for vehicle and helicopter operations and be easily deployed in parachute operations. They also had to be able to take the modern accessories used in combat, namely a silencer, sight, flashlight and laser designator. Both SCAR-L and -H fit all these requirements. FN has one of the highest reputations for its barrels’ quality, manufacturing and supplying many companies that manufacture AR-15s in the U.S. FN SCAR rifles are veterans in combat; they have been used extensively in Afghanistan with an excellent report. FN SCARs have a folding stock that is also adjustable in length; this makes these weapons extremely compact for storage or transportation. The top and low Picatinny rail allows for inclusion of any accessories needed—additional side rails can be added for other necessary items, making for full 360º coverage.

The assault rifle and designated marksman rifle had to have the most communality parts possible. This is important not only for the training of soldiers, where they can easily transition from one weapon to the other without any additional training, but for logistics who can maintain a reserve of parts that will work in both guns. The FN SCAR-L and the SCAR-H have many parts in common; the most obvious is the stock that can be changed directly from one to the other. These rifles are disassembled exactly the same way, and their controls are placed in the same places, allowing soldiers to maintain a muscle memory even in the most stressful situations of combat. The SCAR-H even has a caliber conversion kit that enables it to be converted to fire 5.56x45mm ammunition.

SCAR Sub-Compact

FN Herstal has a Sub-Compact (SC) version of the SCAR-L. These guns are almost fully interchangeable and based on the modulatory concept of the SCAR. There is also a conversion kit that transforms the SC into the .300BLK caliber by a simple change of the barrel. The SCAR Sub-Compact, even though it is not part of the Army contract, has already aroused the interest of the Portuguese Special Operations community; it is a perfect weapon to replace the old, outdated HK MP5 and Uzi submachine guns still in service. The Army is even considering using the .300BLK version because of its performance with subsonic ammo being able to silence any shots and being perfect to replace MP5SD versions, increasing in this way any SOF Task Unit Firepower.

New Materials

The Army requested that weapons should be in a color based on the Coyote/Flat Dark Earth pattern and be constructed in the lightest material possible. The SCAR (Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle) was from the beginning a design made to replace the M4, so in order to improve upon the M4 reliability but maintain a low-weight gun, new materials had to be incorporated. The SCAR uses aluminum and steel in crucial areas where metal is needed, but what makes it different than other contenders is the extensive use of Polymer. The Portuguese SCAR-L, with a 14.5-inch barrel, weighs only 3.5kg/7.71lb and the SCAR-H, with a 16-inch barrel, has an impressive weight of 3.9kg/8.59lb (without magazine), being much lighter that other competitors. The color Black has a terrible contrast against camouflaged uniforms. With the use of Polymer, FN had no difficulty in using an FDE color in its guns and achieved an excellent combination that presents a unique, beautiful weapon with excellent blend-in capacity.

Sights

The contract for the weapons will include a small batch of sights to start testing some concepts. The SCAR-L will come equipped with an Aimpoint CompM4, but the Army is already considering other dot sights like the Meprolight MEPRO M5 or the Trijicon MRO and even improving on this capability with the Elcan SpecterDR 1-4x, Elcan SpecterOS 4x or Trijicon ACOG 4×32. The SCAR-H had to be equipped with a sight that had a variable power and a Bullet Drop Compensator Reticle, so the winning choice was the Trijicon VCOG 1-6×24, but as with the assault rifles, these come in small numbers, and the Army is already thinking of improvements to the Designated Marksman capability with sights like the Nightforce ATACR 1-8×24 F1 and the Meprolight NYX thermal sights.

An Interesting Feature

One very interesting feature of this contract is the inclusion of a bayonet. And although the use of this weapon is debatable in modern combat, the use of a combat knife is not. Therefore the Portuguese Army made a very smart move—they managed to include the Extrema Ratio FULCRUM Bayonet; this way each soldier will have an excellent combat knife that doubles as bayonet.

Combat Performance

The Portuguese Army has made a very important step. The choice of the new assault rifle will positively influence its combat performance with hit probability increasing radically over the old G3 Battle Rifle. This is not only because the Army is re-equipping with a new caliber (5.56x45mm) but because it changes the firepower dynamics of the Army’s small units with the inclusion of an excellent DMR. Assaulters will have an assault rifle with nine magazines (270 rounds), with a weight of 5.1kg/11.24lb, including magazines, while the DMR, with the same nine magazines, will carry 180 rounds with 6.8kg/14.99lb. The 40mm grenade launcher also will bring improved capacity, as it is very light and easy to use.

From the author’s perspective of all the testing and training done with these weapons, the SCAR-L is a wonderful rifle to employ. Being used to working around AR-15 and Kalashnikov rifles, it is a perfect combination of both. The FN SCAR-L is an extremely reliable and accurate gun. It is light but very easy to control; in full-auto fire, its relatively low rate of fire makes it completely controllable, even in a full magazine dump. The SCAR-L takes STANAG magazines and can take every accessory available for Picatinny rails. The ambidextrous magazine release allows right- and left-handed soldiers to make easy changes. While some people complain that the slide lock should be in both sides, the author disagrees, as he has seen problems with those designs—too many buttons, KISS (Keep It Simple and Stupid). The reciprocating charging handle has been controversial since the beginning of the rifle’s production, so much so that FN now offers the gun with a non-reciprocating charging handle. The author, being used to working with Kalashnikov-style assault rifles, finds it very normal; so much that he, when using a SCAR, usually puts the charging handle in the right side of the gun and works it exactly like an AK. The fact that the charging handle is located at middle body makes it more ergonomic than an AR-15. The stock is modular and comfortable; it is easy to work around and has a nice cheek piece that helps with sight picture in some higher sights. The author also finds the weapon’s maintenance very simple and very straightforward to disassemble and assemble and then easy to clean or change any parts needed. The only drawback in this rifle is that with intense volume of fire, the handguard heats up really fast, and the use of gloves is a blessing. The SCAR-H is an impressive DMR and has, in the author´s opinion, no match currently. It is a reliable and accurate gun for its intended function, probably the lightest in the market. It has all the qualities of the -L version, except that it takes FN proprietary magazines and would be more interoperable if it took magazines compatible with AR-10/SR-25/M110 rifles, like the Magpul ones.

Final Thought

The Portuguese Army ended up with an excellent result for its tender. Replacement of the G3 Battle Rifle with the FN SCAR-L/-H will start within the Rapid Reaction Brigade. Special Operations Forces, commandos and paratroopers will be the first units to receive the SCAR rifles, so that they can deploy them to the operating theaters where they are engaged in the Middle East and Africa. The Army is now equipped by one of the world’s largest manufacturers of small arms and with one of the best assault rifles in service.